
1.The Australian Government’s web conferencing security page states the following:
“Web conferencing solutions (also commonly referred to as online collaboration tools) often provide audio/video conferencing, real-time chat, desktop sharing and file transfer capabilities. As we increasingly use web conferencing to keep in touch while working from home, it is important to ensure that this is done securely without introducing unnecessary privacy, security and legal risks. This document provides guidance on both how to select a web conferencing solution and how to use it securely.”
2.The DHHS “COVID-19 Telehealth Consulting and Conferencing: Privacy and Security” document states the following:
“In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and consequent risk of transmission from face-to-face consultations, there is an increasing demand to provide services via real time video for consumer or client engagement. Telehealth video consulting is used by consumers or clients and care providers if they are unable to meet face-to-face. Video conferencing is also used by healthcare providers for online meetings, continuing professional development and training and to collaborate by using screen share, chat online and file sharing functions. It is more suitable for medium to large groups but can also be used for one-on-one meetings. Online meetings introduce privacy and security risks for attendees and organisations, as sensitive information is often shared through video or audio. Unauthorised or uninvited persons may access your call. Please follow the guiding rules developed by the Department of Health and Human Services (the department) to protect the security and privacy of your sessions.”
3.The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) works with the 15 National Boards to help protect the public by regulating Australia's registered health practitioners.
They state that the use of telehealth in health practice may be subject to additional requirements. They encourage health professionals to seek advice from their professional association, insurer or employer if they have further questions about the use of telehealth.
They have developed information which outlines the expectations of how registered health practitioners will use telehealth.
4.The Digital Health CRC provide a centralised source for links to most relevant Australian information. They state that:
“Telehealth consultations follow the same standards as face-to-face consultations. This means complying with privacy legislation and the standards of practice that have been set by the peak professional regulatory bodies both in your state or territory, and nationally.”
5.The Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine (ACRRM) Standards Framework provides a guide to understanding a range of issues relating to deployment and use of telehealth products and services based on video consultations.
They took a three-dimensional approach to defining a framework for decision making and implementation around the following aspects:
- The first dimension covers technical aspects, including software and hardware components.
- The second dimension covers clinical usage aspects, including both supporting the clinical process and considerations of appropriate use for the given case.
- The third dimension involves the health services context within which the videoconferencing activity occurs, and how the related requirements are handled.

Monash Partners exemplars
Monash Health
Alfred Health
Eastern Health
Peninsula Health
Victorian exemplars
Bendigo Health
Gippsland PHN
- Gippsland PHN One Good Community Digital Health Toolbox seeks to drive positive change in health behaviours through the adoption and use digital health tools and technologies by healthcare providers in Gippsland.
Building an integrated system of health that considers multiple, interconnected factors across the lifespan inclusive of community, carers and consumers is critical. Digital health enables the building of a contemporary, quality health system that is outcomes-focused and values-based.
La Trobe University
- Announced grants in association with Medibank and Optus, funding a project to develop a framework to evaluate new virtual care models, including remote health monitoring of patients discharged from hospital who are at high risk of readmission, or for the ongoing monitoring of patient health in residential aged care settings.
Royal Children's Hospital
The University of Melbourne, Amazon Web Services and communication app development platform Twilio
- Running a project using a private WhatsApp channel to capture healthcare workers' experiences of the coronavirus pandemic on the frontline using a compilation of voice memos. The voice memos will be analysed using AI tools that transcribe audio into text and automate text analysis. Frontline healthcare professionals from around the world are being invited to take part.
Western Victoria Primary Health Network (WVPHN)
- Allocating funding of more than $227,000* for the delivery of a new program offering greater access to telehealth services at 12 residential aged care facilities (RACFs) in Western Victoria. This is known as “My Emergency Doctor” for aged care homes. They are also funding a trial of the service at Great Ocean Road Health's Lorne and Apollo Bay urgent care centres (UCCs).
Non Victorian, Australian exemplars
Rural Health Connect
- Provides online access to a psychologist. This service originated in Central QLD in response to a clear and urgent need for better access to psychologists in rural areas. This service is now available Australia wide.
South Western Sydney PHN
- “My Emergency Doctor” (for aged care homes) for after-hours urgent care for aged care residents. My Emergency Doctor is an Australian-owned and operated, 24/7, telehealth service set up by emergency department doctor Justin Bowra and staffed by members of the Australasian College of Emergency Medicine.
Sydney Local Health District
- Ramped up its Royal Prince Alfred Virtual Hospital (rpavirtual) since the coronavirus pandemic began, rapidly redesigning its service to help manage COVID-19 positive patients either at home or in special accommodation hotels since March 2020. rpavirtual has also seen a big increase in nursing and medical staff deployed to the service and a reconfiguration of its electronic medical record (eMR) to handle the crisis, while also capturing real-time data from wearable devices provided to patients.
- Trialling an app that uses artificial intelligence to help analyse, treat and monitor chronic wounds, with the hope it can be rolled out to the rest of NSW. The Tissue Analytics app being trialled at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Sydney District Nursing is integrated with the hospital's Cerner electronic medical record so images and data can be stored, reviewed and compared.
If you are aware of other Australian Exemplars, particularly if these involve an evaluation of pre and post COVID-19 related data to evaluate changes in efficiencies and outcomes. (for example: patient reported outcome measures, patient reported experience measures, numbers of people treated, staffing levels, other costs) email alison.johnson@monash.edu

Canada
- Ahmad Khalid suggests that telehealth should be the primary way to deliver healthcare in Canada. He provides four reasons: improved access to care; more efficient clinical practices; evidence-based decision making; and financial savings for individuals and for the health system.
United Kingdom
- The UK National Health Service reports data via an interactive tool, which enables you to compare regions. The NHS continue to report low numbers for both phone consults and video consultations, with general practice appointments in England, reporting approximately 55 per cent in person, 41 per cent by phone and 0.4 per cent online.
United Kingdom
- In April 2020, a new telemedicine service was launched by Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (HHFT), North and West Hampshire CCGs and other local organisations. The service provides instant advice for care home residents (with and without nursing care), on how to remotely connect with clinicians.
USA
- The IHI in the USA provides telehealth resources and many webinars. A useful link is “Using Telehealth to Build Collaborative Relationships with Patients and Providers.”

Papers of interest
BMJ opinion, May 2020, Making remote consultations work for patients during COVID-19: experience from the 'other side' of the virtual clinic.
Gentry S, van‐Velthoven MHMMT, Tudor Car L, Car J. Telephone delivered interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV infection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD009189. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009189.pub2.
Jessup R, Putrik P, Buchbinder R, et al. Identifying alternative models of healthcare service delivery to inform health system improvement: scoping review of systematic reviews BMJ Open 2020;10:e036112. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036112
Kew KM, Cates CJ. Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD011715. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011715.pub2.
Laver KE, Adey‐Wakeling Z, Crotty M, Lannin NA, George S, Sherrington C. Telerehabilitation services for stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD010255. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010255.pub3.
O’Connor D, Gray LC, Phillips B. Telemedicine for diabetes and heart failure: an evidence review. Issue 5 February 2019.
Odendaal WA, Anstey Watkins J, Leon N, Goudge J, Griffiths F, Tomlinson M, Daniels K. Health workers’ perceptions and experiences of using health technologies to deliver primary healthcare services: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD011942. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011942.pub2.
Quinn TJ, Elliott E, Hietamies G, Martinez G, Tieges Z, McArdle R. Diagnostic test accuracy of remote, multidomain cognitive assessment (telephone and video call) for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Protocol – Diagnostic.
Smith, A. C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., & Caffery, L. J. (2020). Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 26(5), 309–313.
Stevenson JK, Campbell ZC, Webster AC, Chow CK, Tong A, Craig JC, Campbell KL, Lee VWS. eHealth interventions for people with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD012379. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012379.pub2.
Wherton J, Shaw S, Papoutsi C, et al. Guidance on the introduction and use of video consultations during COVID-19: important lessons from qualitative research. BMJ Leader Published online first: 18 May 2020. doi: 10.1136/leader-2020-000262.

Reports
POLAR (a cloud-based clinical intelligence platform), in conjunction with Primary Health Networks:
Centre for Online Health (University of Queensland)
- “Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) activity in Australia”. The Centre for Online Health provide regular updated information related to the total number of MBS consultations reported, with specific note of telehealth activity.
- They write: “In March 2020, additional telehealth item numbers were added to the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) to encourage physical distancing, for those accessing medical, nursing and allied health services during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The University of Queensland’s Centre for Online Health (COH) has analysed the MBS service data and summarised telehealth uptake throughout Australia.”
HealthEngine
- HealthEngine have developed an interactive dashboard that allows users to compare telehealth appointment information by state, age range and month.